This is the most common type of benign kidney tumour, accounting for about 3-7% of all kidney masses. While these tumours can grow large, they generally do not metastasize. However, they can sometimes be difficult to distinguish from RCC based on imaging alone, which makes biopsy or surgical removal necessary for a definitive diagnosis.
A benign tumour made up of blood vessels, muscle, and fat, angiomyolipomas are often associated with a genetic disorder called tuberous sclerosis, though they can also occur sporadically. Large AMLs pose a risk of bleeding, and depending on their size and symptoms, treatment may be necessary.
These are rare benign tumours composed of fibrous tissue. Though they are usually small and asymptomatic, they may require monitoring to ensure they do not interfere with kidney function.
composed of fat cells, lipomas are also a rare type of benign kidney tumour. Similar to fibromas, these tumours are typically small and may not cause symptoms, but larger lipomas might require intervention if they grow or cause discomfort.
Kidney tumours often do not present symptoms in their early stages, which makes them difficult to detect without imaging tests. However, as the tumour grows, patients may begin to experience noticeable signs. Common symptoms of kidney tumours include:
If any of these symptoms occur, it is important to seek medical advice for further evaluation and diagnosis.
In Singapore, certain groups of individuals are at higher risk of developing kidney tumours, including both benign and malignant forms. Risk factors include lifestyle habits, underlying health conditions, and genetic predispositions that increase the likelihood of tumour development. Key risk factors for kidney tumours include:
By understanding these risk factors, individuals in Singapore can be more aware of the steps they can take to reduce their risk and seek early medical intervention if needed.
The risk increases with age, particularly after the age of 50, with most diagnoses occurring between 55 and 74.
Smoking is a major contributor, as it significantly increases the chances of kidney tumours by causing harmful changes in kidney cells.
Individuals with obesity are at greater risk, likely due to the hormonal and metabolic changes that accompany excess body fat.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, has been linked to an increased risk of kidney tumours, although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood.
A family history of kidney tumours or certain genetic conditions, such as von Hippel-Lindau disease, can increase the likelihood of developing kidney tumours.
Patients with advanced kidney disease or those who have undergone long-term dialysis have a higher incidence of kidney tumour.
We begin with non-invasive imaging tests, such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI, to get detailed images of the kidneys. These tests help us identify the presence, size, and location of any tumour within the kidney.
Urinalysis can detect blood in the urine, which is a common early sign of kidney tumours. This simple test can provide critical early clues.
Blood work allows us to check for markers of kidney function, such as creatinine levels, and signs of anaemia, which may indicate a tumour. Elevated liver enzymes might also suggest that the tumour has spread.
In cases where imaging does not clearly indicate whether a tumour is benign or malignant, a needle biopsy may be performed. A small sample of the tumour tissue is removed and analysed under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis.
Yes, not all kidney tumours are cancerous. Benign tumours like angiomyolipomas and renal oncocytomas are non-cancerous and generally do not spread to other parts of the body. However, depending on their size and location, they may still require treatment to prevent complications.
No, not all kidney tumours require surgery. Small, benign tumours may be monitored constantly, especially if they are not causing symptoms or growing. Treatment options are determined based on the size, type, and behaviour of the tumour.
The growth rate of kidney tumours varies. Some, like small renal masses, can grow very slowly and might not require immediate treatment. Others, particularly malignant tumours, may grow faster and spread to other parts of the body, requiring prompt intervention.
If malignant, kidney tumours can spread to nearby tissues and distant organs, a process known as metastasis. Common areas where kidney cancer may spread include the lungs, bones, and liver.
Recovery time depends on the type of surgery. Minimally invasive procedures like laparoscopic or robotic-assisted surgery generally have shorter recovery times, usually around 2-4 weeks, while traditional open surgeries may require longer recovery periods.
